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Mobile Distributed Information System Fundamentals and Architecture of Mobile Distributed Information System Q1. What is a mobile distributed information system? Answer. In today's mobile society, access to relevant information and to context-specific services "anytime, anywhere" is becoming increasingly important. This is the environment for our research, development and consulting activities in selected current topics of Mobile Distributed Information Systems. Mobile users are often particularly interested in information about and services in their immediate vicinity, thus Mobile Distributed Information Systems must address location-dependent distribution of and access to services and information from mobile devices. The user's topological and geographical location becomes relevant for the semantics of communication, and such communication has to remain seamless even in foreign environments, with little or no need for manual reconfiguration. Frequently, in addition to his locat ion, the user's current situation determines his information and service requirements. With mobile devices becoming more and more powerful, mobile users themselves may offer information and services to peers in an improvised manner. As a result, the long-established distinction between clients and servers is blurred, which calls for an extension of the architecture prototype towards peer and/or alternating roles. (Reference from http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/0-7923-9697-9) Recent years have witnessed a rapid proliferation of mobile information devices. Cellular phones have become not only a basic means of communication for many people, but have also developed from simple telephones suitable only for voice communications into computing devices capable of t... .../Preference Profiles (CC/PP) profile can be used to provide a description of mobile device. Different MSS are in different heterogeneous network and these MSS need to cooperate and communicate with each other for exchanging data. A standard interface is needed between MSS. Java technologies or a middleware like CORBA can be used to solve the heterogeneous problems. (Reference from www.idi.ntnu.no/emner/dif8914/essays/hien-essay2001.pdf ) References http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/0-7923-9697-9 www.autospaces.com/people/fsommers/mobile_transactions.pdf www.idi.ntnu.no/emner/dif8914/essays/hien-essay2001.pdf George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore, Tim Kindberg Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design. M. Tamer Ozsu, Patrick Valduriez Principles of Distributed Database Systems Prentice Hall 1999. George H. Forman, John Zahorjan The Challenges of Mobile Computing.

Erasmus-Praise of Folly Essay

Erasmus of Rotterdam (c. 1466-1536) is one of the supreme figures of the Renaissance humanist movement, which deserted Middle Ages pious nesses in support of a productive new image of the individual’s impending. Praise of Folly, scripted to engross his friend Sir Thomas More, is Erasmus’s famous work. Its incredible combination of flight of the imagination and spoof is recounted by a incarnation of Folly, appareled as a comedian, who fetes adolescence, happiness, crapulence and sexual aspiration, and goes on to berate human pretenses, mannerisms and debilities, to deride theologians and monks and to admire the ‘folly’ of simple Christian faithfulness. Erasmus’s humor, jousting and knowledge made the book an immediate accomplishment, but it also concerned what may have been sales- advancing criticism. He was apprehensive with the sleaze that had broadened all the way through the spiritual positions of organization. On the other hand, Erasmus believed that religious rebellion led openly to lawlessness; consequently he took the side of neither the Pope, nor the restructuring major, Martin Luther. Erasmus went for to intensify people into quizzical their poise in devout influence through his work as divergent to dialogue unswervingly next to the Romanists. As a result both parties, Luther and the Romanists, detested him. Spiritual influence: Erasmus wrote The Praise of Folly as a spoof in hopes that people would begin to query the Romanists’ spiritual influence. It is written from the viewpoint of Folly, a Greek goddess, who is appalled with the unawareness and pride of her believers. The goddess discriminates diverse classes along with her believers and discloses their mistakes. Erasmus insinuates that the faults of the followers which Folly remarks are those of the Romanists. One such group is that of the Scientists. They are criticized for conceiving that they are enhanced than all other individuals. They â€Å"teach that they alone are wise while the rest of mortal men flit about as shadows (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, in Workbook, 67). † Erasmus is concerning to the forged propose that the Pope unaided has the capability to construe the Holy Christian Bible, as well as the insinuation that the Pope has a heavenly understanding that comes corresponding with his heading of workplace. Erasmus’ vision of the Pope and the Romanists is that they â€Å"know nothing in general, they profess to know all things in particular; though they are ignorant even of themselves, and on occasion do not see the ditch or the stone lying across their path, because many of them are blear eyed or absent minded; yet they proclaim that they perceive ideas, universals forms without matter, primary substances, quiddities, and ecceities; things so tenuous (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, in Workbook, 67). † devoid of properly speaking out alongside the Pope, Erasmus entails that the Pope put on a frontage as an all-knowing, all-powerful mortal. Erasmus states here that the Pope has no true knowledge as to what God expects from his worshipers. He cannot believe that â€Å"these lucky scientists find people to believe them (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, in Workbook, 67). † With this last account, he calls to the people of the church not to accept the whole thing that are told to them from dishonest power statistics. Erasmus assaults theologians through the voice of Folly when he says that they will not waste haste to proclaim heresy in order to â€Å"terrify any toward whom they are ill-disposed (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, in Workbook, 67). † Erasmus does not accept the word of theologians as religious law, and therefore is not intimidated by their accusations of wickedness upon his surprised of influence. They are arrogant beings who overlook that they blunder as every human does. Their idea that they â€Å"already inhabit the third heaven they look down from† is proof that they have lost their humility in front of Christ (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, in Workbook, 67). They have sheltered themselves with â€Å"scholastic definitions, arguments, corollaries, implicit and explicit propositions† and shaped resistance to any indulgence they may commend (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, in Workbook, 67). To the Popes, Cardinals, and Bishops, Erasmus inquires why they believe that they have the information to respond any and all experiential doubtful nesses regarding human source and human fate. How is it that to blunder is human personality, but the Pope can direct a life devoid of intrude or responsibility? Is he not human being? These figures of spiritual influence are more apprehensive with their roles of ability than they are about their spiritual responsibilities. (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly, in Workbook, 71). Religious aspects: The most important premise found in Erasmus’ book considers with his thoughts toward belief and the Catholic Church. he inquiries the responsibility of the church leaders. What they are and what they should be. When Erasmus elaborates that Bishops don’t meet the requirements according to the role of work, compassionate, taking pains but care more about creasing in the income, it demonstrates that he wants revolutionize but not in a turbulent way. Erasmus thought that the Church could transform the industrialist in quest of Bishop into his suitable responsibility. Fundamentally the Church had turn out to be too concerned with wealth and control. The Churches role now had developed from stringently a spiritual meaning to an association that was accurately running the state and schooling. Erasmus also believes that the role of the Church leaders has been mislaid and that authority they now have has become dishonest. To a certain extent, it should go back to an establishment that mainly deals with the religious inspiring of the people. These ideas were believed to be carried out wordlessly and methodical inside the Church member of the aristocracy. as a substitute of a religious war between paragons, Erasmus required a tranquil amalgamated church serenely rehabilitated from inside. The alteration that is desirable would help concentrate on Erasmus’ predicament with the Churches misinterpretation of how spiritual observances should be accomplished. J. Huizinga details out that Erasmus is incapable to be pleased about the Churches workouts because of its succeeding domination it had in all fields of the social order. Connecting in well with the other writers aims that the Church demands to discontinue and re-examine its position in the general public. Erasmus’ thoughts were discarded in anticipation of the reorganization was over and the Counter-Reformation was in dangle. Erasmus considered scholasticism as the most caricature of the spiritual strength of mind; according to him this deterioration passe from the prehistoric Christological arguments, which induced the church to mislay its Christian church believing in personal conversion ease and turn out to be the fatality of word-splitting thinking, which climaxed in scholasticism. With the end there came out in the church that hypocritically pious which based uprightness on fine works and simple holiness, and on a observance underneath whose influence the Christian spirit was muffled. Alternatively committing itself to everlasting deliverance of mortals, scholasticism drove back the faithfully tending by its fine-spun unimportant conjectures and it’s over inquisitive conversation of impenetrable secrets. In Erasmus’ work, Mistress Folly addresses while admiring herself. â€Å"And to whom is it generally agreed life owes its beginning if not to me? For it certainly isn’t the spear of ‘mighty-fathered’ Pallas or the shield of ‘cloud-gathering’ Jupiter which fathers and propagates the human race†. She laughs at the Gods and denudes them of their abilities.

Poverty Is A Serious World Problem - 924 Words

Fighting Poverty If you were asked to donate some of your own items or money to help fight poverty, would you do it? A substantial amount of the world’s population suffers from some sort of poverty, whether it be monetary poverty, or food poverty. Poverty has become such a prevalent issue throughout history, that it isn’t put into consideration as much as it should be. Poverty is a serious world problem, and truly needs to be stopped. With the help of citizens of the world, and different groups, and charities, the percentage of poverty stricken people around the world could be greatly shrunk. Above all, poverty has many effects on people, society, governments, etc. One of the many effects of poverty, mainly caused by food poverty, is malnutrition. Some families who suffer from poverty can’t afford to buy food, or buy healthy foods. The figures on food poverty are closer to reality than the monetary poverty statistics, says Ivan Hidalgo. Hidalgo stated that the food poverty statistics are more at large than the monetary poverty. Malnutrition can also lead to health issues such as diseases, while most families cannot afford hospital care. Poverty also causes problem in education and societies. Many people in poverty are not able to attend schooling which will affect them for the rest of their lives. The lack of education also greatly harms the economy of many countries. Those who do not have any schooling often are not able to be employed anywhere, so they may beShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is A Serious World Problem Essay923 Words   |  4 Pageshelp fight poverty, wo uld you do it? A substantial amount of the world’s population suffers from some sort of poverty, whether it be monetary poverty, or food poverty. Poverty has become such a prevalent issue throughout history, that it isn’t put into consideration as much as it should be. Poverty is a serious world problem, and truly needs to be stopped. 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